![]() It is now possible to acquire many Terabytes (TBs) of XRD data per dynamic experiment and this is expected to increase significantly with the advent of the fourth generation synchrotron facilities all around the world, such as the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facilities (ESRF) and MAX IV (Sweden) and the scheduled upgrades for Diamond-II (United Kingdom), Petra IV (Germany) and Advanced Photon Source-Upgrade (USA) 13. However, these advances come at a cost and this is related to the handling of the big data collected during these experiments. For example, we have previously demonstrated the first 5D operando tomographic diffraction imaging experiment (three spatial, one scattering and one dimension to denote time/imposed state) to study a multi-component catalytic reactor for the partial oxidation of methane 12. ![]() In situ and operando ultra-fast and/or spatially-resolved multi-dimensional XRD experiments of functional materials and devices previously considered technically infeasible have already been demonstrated 10, 11. It is now not uncommon to acquire diffraction patterns with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio in matters of minutes with laboratory diffractometers and in milliseconds at X-ray diffraction (XRD) dedicated beamlines at synchrotron facilities. These technical advances are beginning to make high-throughput powder diffraction measurements a reality not just at synchrotron facilities but also at the laboratory 8, 9. Over the past decade, advancements in X-ray sources, optics and detector technologies have led to a dramatic increase in the volume and data quality of experimental powder diffraction patterns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. ![]()
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